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Параличът е вирусна болест, която се съдейства от белтъчно гладуване на пчелите. Най-тежката форма на...
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Незаразно заболяване, засягащо младите пчели кърмачки, протичащо през април и май, по-рядко през...
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Съществуват стотици видове акари. Проблемът с опаразитяването на пчелните семейства с акари и особено с...
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Болестта е незаразна. Представлява отравяне на пчелите, причинено от манов мед. През зимно-пролетния период...
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Майска болест при пчелите
- Детайли
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Категория: Болести по пчелите
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Публикувана на Четвъртък, 07 Май 2020 08:04
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Написана от Super User
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Посещения: 2131
Незаразно заболяване, засягащо младите пчели кърмачки, протичащо през април и май, по-рядко през лятото.
Наблюдава се най-често след продължително застудяване на времето, предшествано от активен принос на нектар и цветен прашец.Причината за това е невъзможността на пчелите да си осигурят необходимото количество вода или да се освободят от натрупаните в червото фекалии. Липсата на вода нарушава нормалния процес на храносмилането и всмукването на хранителни вещества. Разширеното от прашеца черво притиска въздушните торбички и кръвоносната тръба, вследствие на което дишането и кръвообръщението се затрудняват. При внасяне и на отровен прашец от лютика, млечка, глухарче, токсичните вещества от тях и гнилостните микроорганизми попадат в кръвния ток и предизвикват интоксикация на организма.
Протичането на болестта е остро и зависи от силата на пчелното семейство и броя на младите пчели в гнездото. Последствията са тежки, поради умирането на младите от 3 - 12 дневна възраст пчели. Нарушава се нормалният ритъм на възпроизводството на пчелните индивиди и възможността за използване на пчелна паша, поради загниването на пчелите кърмачки.
Признаци. Характерно за болестта е, че внезапно се загубват голям брой летящи пчели, след продължително застудяване на времето за 7 до 10 дни през пролетта, по-рядко през лятото. Протича за кратко време и след подобряването му или подхранване със захарен сироп преминава.
След подобряване на времето, пчелите масово излизат от кошера. Те са възбудени и угнетени. Правят опит за летене, събират се на купчинки на прилетната дъска. Трепкат с крилца и повдигат нагоре подутите си коремчета. Средното черво на болните и умрелите пчели е без характерните си гънки, подуто и изпълнено с гъста сбита, понякога почти суха, тъмнокафява, подобна на гнила маса. Възможно е при майската болест за късо време да умрат стотици, а понякога и хиляди пчели. Поради това, че майската болест е бързо преходно явление, в много случаи не се лекува.
Мерки за борба - необходимо е при продължително захлаждане на времето през пролетта, да се подхранват пчелните семейства с топъл захарен сироп 1:2,5 - 3 части за водата. Малкото количество от сиропа се пулверизира върху пчелите и питите в гнездото.
Профилактика - да се спазват всички изисквания на ДПчП и следене на метеорологичната обстановка, за да се подпомогнат пчелните семейства при нужда.
