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За пчелите
- Детайли
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Категория: Отглеждане на пчели
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Публикувана на Събота, 19 Май 2018 13:34
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Написана от Super User
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Посещения: 733
Пчелите спадат към семейство Арidае-насекоми, строящи гнезда; род Арis - пчели, живеещи постоянно в семейства, с видове:
Арis dorsata - голяма индийска пчела, която строи една голяма пита, закрепена високо в скалите или за клоните на дърветата, разпространена в Индия, Южен Китай, Индонезия и Филипините. Не се подава на одомашняване.
Арis florea - малка индийска пчела, строи малка пита в дърветата (това е най-малката пчела), разпространена в Индия, Малаезия, о. Ява и о, Борнео, също не е одомашнена.
Арis cerana - известна като обикновена индийска пчела-гнездото й се състои от няколко пити и е разпространена в диво състояние В Индия, Китай, Япония, Индонезия, о. Ява, о. Борнео, о. Суматра и Далечния изток на Русия.
Арis melifera-медоносна пчела, е най-известната и разпространена пчела в света. Тя успешно се подава на отглеждане от човека. В хода на еволюцията на Земята са възникнали много породи на медоносната пчела, Всяка от които се е приспособила най-добре към определени условия на околната среда. Интерес за нашата страна биха могли да предстаблябат само тези раси в европейското пространство, които са придобили стопанско значение и са се смесили и кръстосали помежду си, било в резултат на активизирането на търговията или на естественото им разпространение.
В нашата страна най-разпространените пчели са кръстоски от Amelifera ligustica -италианска, Аmelifera carnica-краинска, А. Melifera carpatica -карпатска и А. Melifera caucasika -кавказка пчела. Водят се ожесточени и безуспешни спорове към коя от всичките принадлежи българската пчела. Най-близко е до карниката (крайнската). Дошла от Югоизток, първоначално тя е била разпространена на Балканският полуостров, поречието на р.Дунаб и югоизточните Алпи.
Развитието на пчелите е много тясно свързано с развитието на медоносната растителност в даден район, което безспорно оказва влияние и в кой район какви раси пчели са се наложили, Въпреки големите международни кръстосвания.
Известно е, че българската пчела е плод от много кръстосвания и е силно метизирана. Български автори често повтарят това. Пчеларите обаче са принудени да работят с тоба, което имат като даденост.
