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Белтъчно недохранване на пчелите – проблем с решение
- Детайли
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Категория: Новини
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Публикувана на Събота, 05 Ноември 2022 05:58
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Написана от Super User
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Посещения: 616
В живота на пчелното семейство през календарната година съществуват етапи, през които пчелите не могат да си доставят нужните им количества нектар и цветен прашец (ЦВП). Това важи особено силно за активния период от развитието на пчелите. Тогава белтъчините са жизнено необходими за отглеждането на пилото. Те спомагат и за активизиране на яйценосната дейност на пчелните майки (месеците февруари-март и август).
В тези критични моменти ДЗПчП изискват от пчеларите да подпомогнат активно пчелните семейства посредством подхранване.
Чрез него те ще им доставят недостигащите им, крайно необходими, белтъчини и въглехидрати. В страните с развито пчеларство, а и у нас, се употребяват различни хранителни продукти (ХРП) като заместители на нектара и ЦВП. Всички те действат стимулиращо на пчелите. Те съдържат много протеини, в състава на които има жизнено важни аминокиселини. От своя страна те са крайно необходими за правилното развитие на ларвите и нормалното яйце снасяне на майката. Освен протеини и въглехидрати, в някои ХРП се съдържат още мазнини и минерални вещества. От извършеният преглед на съществуващите литературни източници и представеният в тях научен и практичен опит от чужди и наши автори стигнахме до следното обобщение: чрез подхранване на пчелните семейства с качествени ХРП в края на зимата, началото на пролетта и след последната главна пчелна паша (август – началото на септември) се постигат следните два благоприятни фактора върху живота на пчелните индивиди:
– стимулира се секреторната активност на хипофарингиалните жлези на пчелите кърмачки за отделяне на пчелно млечице;
– стимулира се яйценосната дейност на пчелните майки.
Вследствие на това се увеличават площите с отглежданото пило и бързо нараства броя на пчелите. През активния период от жизнената дейност на пчелите много важни са първият (месец февруари – март) и четвъртият етап (началото на месец август до средата на септември) за развитието на пчелните семейства.
