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Как пчелите правят мед
- Детайли
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Категория: Отглеждане на пчели
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Публикувана на Сряда, 29 Януари 2025 04:11
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Написана от Super User
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Посещения: 200
Ако човечеството можеше да измисли как да направи това сладко и ценно вещество, не мислите ли, че никой не би го направил до сега? И все пак, тези малки насекоми знаят как да произвеждат това течно злато!
Ето какво знаем…
● Събиране на нектар. Пчелите събират нектар от цветята, като го всмукват с тръбовидния си език (хобот) и го събират в своя „меден” стомах. Освен обикновения си стомах, който превръща нектара в енергия за пчелите, те имат и „меден” стомах, който служи за събиране и пренасяне на нектара.
● Пренасяне на нектара. Пчелите посещават между 100 и 1500 цвята, докато напълнят стомахчетата си и могат да пренасят почти половината си тегло в нектар. Когато пристигнат обратно в кошера, те обработват вътрешно събрания нектар, като добавят повече ензими (инвертаза), които разлагат комплексните захари в прости (глюкоза и фруктоза), и го правят по-лесно усвоим от пчелите. Така обработеният мед се отлага във восъчните килийки.
● Преработка на нектара. По пътя обратно към кошера, трансформацията на нектара вече е започнала, чрез добавените от пчелата ензими. Събраният нектар обикновено има съдържание на влага около 60-80%, в зависимост от климата. Ако нивото на влага не се намали, това ще доведе до ферментация и разваляне на нектара. Пчелите свеждат съдържанието на влага до 13-18%, като размахват интензивно крилцата си и по този начин водата се изпарява. Ще забележите, че от кошера винаги се чува бръмчене, защото пчелите никога не спират да работят, дори и през нощта. По време на тази преработка, пчелите добавят допълнителни ензими към нектара, които ще го предпазват от ферментация, плесени, бактерии и гъбички.
● Съхранение на пчелния мед. Когато медът е достигнал желаното съдържание на влага, пчелите запечатват всяка килийка с капаче от пчелен восък. То предотвратява поемането на влага от меда. По този начин, пчелният мед може да бъде съхраняван в продължение на години и да бъде източник на живот, в трудни за пчелите времена.
