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Пчелите и водата
- Детайли
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Категория: Отглеждане на пчели
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Публикувана на Четвъртък, 15 Март 2018 03:44
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Написана от Super User
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Посещения: 1571
Най-важната неорганична съставка от храната на пчелите е водата, наред с органичните храни – мед или захар и прашец. Пчелното семейство намира вода не само в събираните и пренесени в кошера продукти – нектар и медена роса – извън тях водата постоянно се приема и пренася. За разлика от меда, от подхранващите смеси или от цветния прашец водата не се складира в питите.
Водата служи на отделната пчела за транспортиране веществата в тялото й. Тя е абсолютно необходима като разтворител за повечето органични субстанции и соли, както и за процесите на обмяната на веществата в телесните клетки на пчелата.
Консумацията на вода от пчелното семейство се повишава през пролетта, когато в питите трябва да се разрежда сгъстен, отчасти и кристализирал мед или хранителна смес. Колкото повече открито пило има да изхранва едно семейство, толкова повече вода консумира.
През горещите дни в летните месеци водата служи за регулиране на температурата в кошера – с нея се напръскват питите и стените, така че охлаждането от изпарението да доведе до понижаване на температурата.
През летните месеци голяма част от водата в пчелното семейство идва чрез събирането на нектар и медена роса. По това време и при подхранването на пчелите има излишък от вода, чрез бързо трептене на крилете си обаче вентилиращите пчели създават въздушна циркулация на входния отвор, чрез което се извежда водата от кошера. Излишната вода от подхранването на пчелите с разредени разтвори се изнася постоянно. Пчелите я „изпръскват” през задния си отвор по време на полет.
През зимните месеци пчелното семейство консумира малко вода. През месеците, в които се отглежда пилото и трябва да се доставя вода, може да се приеме консумация от 200 г на ден. Разходът на вода, извън приноса на течност от нектара и от медената роса, се оценява на 20 кг годишно.
