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Овощни дървета и плодово – ягодови медоносни растения
- Детайли
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Категория: Медоносни дървета и храсти
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Публикувана на Събота, 29 Септември 2018 02:42
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Написана от Super User
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Посещения: 618
Овощните дървета и храсти са застъпени твърде много у нас и могат да виреят навсякъде, с изключение на високите планински места. На много места отглеждането на овощните дървета е важен поминък на населението. За пчеларството те имат твърде голямо значение поради това, че всички овощни дървета, включително и дивите, са добри медоносни растения, а освен това цъфтят в ранна пролет, когато пчелната паша е още твърде оскъдна. Благодарение на това след върбите овощните дървета допринасят твърде много за засилване на пчелните семейства за главната беритба. Там, където овощните дървета са застъпени в голям размер, пчелите не само задоволяват ежедневните си нужди от нектар и прашец, но и събират значителни запаси. Това дава възможност на пчелните семейства да продължат развитието си без прекъсване. От друга страна, овощните растения са свързани тясно с пчелите, тъй като повечето видове и сортове овощни дървета се нуждаят от кръстосано опрашване и без помощта на пчелите не е възможно получаването на повече и доброкачествени плодове.
От овощните дървета най-рано цъфтят бадемът, кайсията и прасковата. Бадемът цъфти през март и от цветовете му пчелите събират нектар и цветен прашец. Тези култури имат по-голямо значение като медоносни в южните райони на страната. Черешата и вишната са също ранни овощни видове, от които пчелите получават задоволително количество нектар и прашец. Сливата, а също джанката и трънкосливвата са твърде добри медоносни растения и поради това, че са широко застъпени в страната, имат значение за пчеларството. От овощните видове ябълката е най-доброто медоносно растение, което се дължи главно на високото съдържание на захари в нектара. Тя се отглежда у нас в голям размер и в много райони стои на първо място между овощните видове. От цветовете й пчелите събират нектар и прашец. Ябълките цъфтят сравнително късно, когато другите овощни видове са почти прецъфтели, и това благоприятствува още повече цветовете им да се посещават от пчелите. Крушата освен с нектар и прашец снабдява пчелите понякога и с медена роса. По-слабо медоносни и с по-малко значение са дюлята, мушмулата и орехът.
От плодните храсти най-голямо значение имат малината и къпината, които напоследък се отглеждат на значителни площи. По-малко значение имат немското и френското грозде и ягодата.
