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Оксалова киселина
- Детайли
-
Категория: Препарати
-
Публикувана на Вторник, 06 Март 2018 15:04
-
Написана от Super User
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Посещения: 3249
Оксаловата (1,2-етандиова) киселина има следната формула Н2С2О4. Кристализира от водни разтвори под формата на големи безцветни призматични кристали, които съдържат две молекули вода. Разтваря се във вода и етанол, слабо в етер. Т.т. 101 °C (хидрат), 189 °C (безводна), сублимира при 157 °C. При загряване с глицерин образува мравчена киселина. Среща се в свободно състояние в листата на цвекло и като калиев хидрогеноксалат в киселец и ревен. Калиевият и амониевият оксалат са разтворими във вода, а калциевият е силно неразтворим. Промишлено се получава при загряване на безводна натриева основа и въглероден оксид в автоклав при 160 – 200 °C и 0,8 – 1 MPa. Образува се натриев оксалат. Оксаловата киселина се освобождава лесно след това при реакция със сярна киселина. Използва се за почистване на метали и като междинен продукт при химични синтези. Поради избелващото си действие се използва в текстилната и кожухарската промишленост. В бита намира приложение за почистване на петна от ръжда или кръв върху бели тъкани (за предпочитане памучни). Оксаловата киселина се използва за борба с вароатозата по пчелите.
Оксаловата киселина не е полезна за организма, защото намалява калция в него, като образува калциеви съединения, неразтворими във вода. Това води до появата на камъни в бъбреците.
Летална доза при хора (орален прием): 600 mg/kg.
