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Аскосфероза (варовито пило)
- Детайли
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Категория: Болести по пчелите
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Публикувана на Сряда, 16 Май 2018 11:25
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Написана от Super User
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Посещения: 1769
Това е плесенно заболяване на запечатаното пило, боледуват предимно търтеевите ларви. Причинителят на болестта е плесенна гъбичка. Спорите й са доста устойчиви: по питите със засегнато пило остават жизнеспособни дори и след дългогодишно престояване. В здравите семейства се внасят от пчелит-крадци или от околната растителност, както и от пчеларя след работа с болни семейства, при разместване на пити и др. В самото гнездото се разпространяват от пчелите чистачки и кърмачки. За проявяването и по- тежкото протичане на перицистозата, както и на аспергилозата допринасят охлаждането и овлажняването на гнездото: най- напред заболява пилото по долните и страничните ръбове на питите, респ. в по- крайните пити. Боледуват предимно слабите семейства през пролетта и през дъждовни сезони.
Признаците на аскосферозата са подобни на тези на аспергилозата: заразените ларви умират след запечатването им. От плесенните спори покълват влакна (хифи), които проникват в тялото и го обхващат отвсякъде. Преминават и през восъчните капачета и тогава вече се виждат по тях като белезникав мъх. Труповете бързо изсъхват и придобиват вид на белезникави бучки. Те не са залепнали с килийките и пчелите чистачки лесно ги изваждат цели след продиране на капачетата. По трупа само на една умряла ларва се образуват до 100 млн. плесенни спори.
Мерките за борба и профилактика както срещу аскосферозата, така и срещу другите микози трябва да са комплексни: срещу самите плесени и срещу спомагащите ги условия-подсушаване, хигиенизиране и стесняване на гнездата, отстраняване на обхванатите от плесените пит, дезинфекциране на кошерите с бензинова лампа или с химически средства. За по- сигурно оздравяване се прилагат след това и някои лечебни средства, като пулверизиране или напрашване на питите с пило с 5-нитрокс или микоцидин, нистарин, лимонена киселина и др…
